If you find yourself rubbing your eyes until they turn red but still can’t get rid of discomfort, it could be a sign of dry eyes. Dry eyes are increasingly common today, particularly among the working generation. While this condition is annoying, there are numerous practical ways to relieve dry eyes and keep your eyes healthy despite the daily stressors.
What Is Dry Eye Syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes don’t produce enough lubrication, or tears evaporate too quickly, leading to itchiness and potential damage to the eye’s surface. It’s a common issue affecting millions worldwide. In fact, studies show that dry eyes impact between 5% and 50% of the global population, with higher rates among older adults, women, and those living in dry or windy environments.
Dry eye risk factors improve the chance of developing dry eye syndrome, including aging, certain medications, prolonged screen time, and environmental conditions.
The Different Causes of Dry Eye
As mentioned, there are two primary causes of dry eye syndrome, namely low tear production and increased tear evaporation.
Healthy eyes require continuous lubrication to nourish the eye’s surface and avoid strain. However, as we age, tear production can diminish. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and lupus can also decrease tear production.
Even if the eyes produce enough tears, they may evaporate too quickly. When the meibomian glands are blocked or malfunctioning, tears evaporate more rapidly. Environmental factors like wind, smoke, and low humidity can aggravate tear evaporation.
The Most Common Dry Eye Symptoms
Dry eye syndrome may manifest in various uncomfortable dry eye symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms include:
Irritation and Burning: Many individuals report a stinging or burning sensation in the eyes.
Redness: A lack of adequate moisture can make the blood vessels in the eye more visible, resulting in noticeable redness.
Blurry Vision: Because tears are crucial for maintaining clear vision, dry eyes can cause intermittent blurry vision.
Sensitivity to Light: Some people experience increased light sensitivity, particularly in bright, sunny environments.
These symptoms can affect day-to-day activities and, in severe cases, impact quality of life by making it difficult to work, read, or drive comfortably.
Treatment Options for Dry Eye
Treatment options typically depend on the condition’s severity and underlying cause. Here are some of the most common approaches:
Over-the-Counter Artificial Tears: For mild cases of dry eye, artificial tear drops can provide quick, temporary relief. These lubricating drops mimic natural tears and help keep the eyes moist.
Prescription Eye Drops: For those with chronic conditions, prescription eye drops (i.e., cyclosporine or lifitegrast) are more beneficial. These specialized eye drops increase tear production while reducing eye surface inflammation.
Punctal Plugs: These tiny devices block the tear ducts to prevent tears from draining or evaporating from the eye.
Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle changes, such as remembering to take frequent breaks from staring at screens, can significantly improve dry eye symptoms.
Warm Compresses and Eyelid Hygiene: Warm compresses and eyelid massages can be beneficial for individuals with meibomian gland dysfunction. Warm compresses help soften any blockages in the glands and improve oil flow, stabilizing the tear film and reducing evaporation.
When To See an Optometrist
Since dry eye syndrome can stem from various causes, seeing an optometrist is essential to diagnose the underlying issue accurately. An optometrist may use tests to evaluate the quantity and quality of tears, such as the Schirmer test (which measures tear production) or tear film breakup time. Based on these results, they can recommend a personalized treatment plan that best suits the individual’s needs.
A Hydrated Eye Is a Healthy Eye
Dry eye syndrome is a widespread condition that can impact quality of life if left untreated. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help individuals take proactive steps to relieve discomfort and maintain healthy eyes.
While there are many treatments available, it’s important to consult with an optometrist to ensure that the approach addresses the specific root cause of your dry eye. If you live in the San Francisco area, schedule an eye exam with our Optica Optometry team today and uproot the cause of your dry eyes.
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